Photoelectric conversion device and imaging system

ABSTRACT

A photoelectric conversion device includes a plurality of pixels arranged in a plurality of columns, a plurality of comparators provided correspondingly to the respective columns, a reference signal generation unit configured to supply a reference signal to the plurality of comparators, a counter configured to generate a count signal that includes a plurality of bits in synchronization with a first clock signal, a synchronization unit configured to synchronize the plurality of bits with a second clock signal to generate a synchronized count signal and to output the generated synchronized count signal, and a plurality of memories provided correspondingly to the respective comparators, the memories each being configured to store the synchronized count signal in response to a change in an output of a corresponding one of the comparators.

BACKGROUND

1. Technical Field

The present disclosure relates to a photoelectric conversion device andan imaging system.

2. Description of the Related Art

A solid-state image sensor is known in which analog-to-digital (AD)converters are provided for respective columns in a pixel array thatincludes pixels arranged in a matrix. Japanese Patent ApplicationLaid-Open No. 2011-166197 discusses a technique in which each ADconverter includes a counter circuit, and a plurality of clock signalswhich are out of phase with one another is supplied to each counter. Thetechnique discussed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No.2011-166197 employs, in order to reduce a duty deviation in each clocksignal, a configuration that includes a primary transmission line, inwhich a plurality of repeat buffers is connected in series, and asecondary transmission line, in which a plurality of repeat buffers isconnected in series, provided in a transmission unit of the clocksignals. In such a configuration, the secondary transmission linebranches off from the primary transmission line.

However, the configuration discussed in Japanese Patent ApplicationLaid-Open No. 2011-166197 may not be able to suppress a duty deviationin clock signals to a sufficient level.

Further, the configuration in which the counter circuit is shared by theplurality of AD converters may also lead to the issue of a dutydeviation.

Solving at least one of the issues discussed above is beneficial.

SUMMARY

According to an aspect of the present invention, a photoelectricconversion device includes a plurality of pixels arranged in a pluralityof columns, a plurality of comparators provided correspondingly to therespective columns, a reference signal generation unit configured tosupply a reference signal to the plurality of comparators, a counterconfigured to generate a count signal that includes a plurality of bitsin synchronization with a first clock signal, a synchronization unitconfigured to synchronize the plurality of bits with a second clocksignal to generate a synchronized count signal and to output thegenerated synchronized count signal, and a plurality of memoriesprovided correspondingly to the respective comparators, the memorieseach being configured to store the synchronized count signal in responseto a change in an output of a corresponding one of the comparators.

According to another aspect of the present invention, a photoelectricconversion device includes a plurality of pixels arranged in a pluralityof columns, a plurality of comparators provided correspondingly to therespective columns, a reference signal generation unit configured tosupply a reference signal to the plurality of comparators, a pluralityof digital signal generation units provided correspondingly to therespective comparators, a clock signal generation unit configured togenerate a plurality of clock signals that are out of phase with oneanother, and a synchronization unit configured to synchronize theplurality of clock signals with a second clock signal to generate aplurality of synchronized clock signals and to output the generatedsynchronized clock signals. Each of the plurality of digital signalgeneration units includes a counter configured to carry out a countoperation in response to the plurality of synchronized clock signals.

Further features of the present invention will become apparent from thefollowing description of embodiments with reference to the attacheddrawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 illustrates a configuration of a photoelectric conversion device.

FIG. 2 illustrates a configuration of a portion of the photoelectricconversion device.

FIG. 3 is a timing chart illustrating operations of the photoelectricconversion device.

FIG. 4 illustrates a configuration of a counter.

FIG. 5 illustrates a configuration of an exclusive OR (EXOR) circuit.

FIG. 6 is a timing chart illustrating operations of the EXOR circuit.

FIG. 7 is a timing chart for describing a duty deviation in a gray codecounter circuit.

FIG. 8 illustrates a configuration of a synchronization unit.

FIG. 9 is a timing chart for describing operations of a counter.

FIG. 10 illustrates a configuration of a selection unit.

FIGS. 11A and 11B are diagrams for describing a duty deviation in abinary code counter circuit.

FIG. 12 illustrates a configuration of a photoelectric conversiondevice.

FIG. 13 illustrates a configuration of a transmission path of asynchronized count signal.

FIG. 14 illustrates a configuration of a photoelectric conversiondevice.

FIG. 15 illustrates a configuration of a portion of the photoelectricconversion device.

FIG. 16 is a timing chart illustrating operations of a digital signalgeneration unit.

FIG. 17 illustrates a configuration of an imaging system.

DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of aphotoelectric conversion device according to a first embodiment. Thephotoelectric conversion device includes a pixel array 1, a read unitgroup 2, a comparison unit group 3, a memory unit group 4, a referencesignal generation unit 5, a counter 6, a selection unit 7, and asynchronization unit 8.

The pixel array 1 includes a plurality of pixels that are arranged in aplurality of columns. The read unit group 2 includes a plurality of readunits provided correspondingly to the respective columns in the pixelarray 1. The comparison unit group 3 includes a plurality of comparatorsprovided correspondingly to the respective read units. The memory unitgroup 4 includes a plurality of memory units provided correspondingly tothe respective comparators. The reference signal generation unit 5outputs, in response to an input of a ramp enable signal RAMP_EN, areference signal having a signal level that varies with time. Thecounter 6, in response to a count enable signal CNT_EN, counts a firstclock signal CLK1 and outputs an M bit count signal. The selection unit7 outputs selectively one of the count signal output from the counter 6and M bit digital data 9 to the synchronization unit 8. The digital data9 is provided from a data supply unit (not illustrated). Thesynchronization unit 8 synchronizes an M bit signal output from theselection unit 7 with a second clock signal CLK2 and outputs asynchronized count signal. The memory units in each column store anoutput from the synchronization unit 8 with a change in an output from acorresponding one of the comparison units serving as a trigger.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of thepixel array 1, the read unit group 2, and the comparison unit group 3arranged in one of the columns. The pixel array 1 includes a pluralityof pixels 21 that are connected to a single read unit 22. The read unit22, for example, includes a constant current source 23 and an amplifier24. If the pixels 21 include an amplification transistor, the constantcurrent source 23 and the amplification transistor collectivelyconstitute a source follower circuit. The amplifier 24 may be aninverting amplifier circuit that provides a minus-A-fold gain to asignal output from the pixels 21, as illustrated in FIG. 2, or may be anon-inverting amplifier circuit that provides a positive gain.Alternatively, the amplifier 24 may be a buffer circuit that carries outonly buffering. The read unit 22 may further include a noise reductioncircuit for reducing a noise component contained in a signal output fromthe pixels 21. An output of the amplifier 24 is provided to a comparator25 as an output of the read unit 22.

FIG. 3 is a timing chart for describing operations of the photoelectricconversion device illustrated in FIG. 1. To simplify the description, avalue of a count signal output from the counter 6 is indicated indecimal notation, but in reality, a count signal is output as an M bitsignal. Further, during a period spanning from a time t1 to a time t3,the selection unit 7 is set to supply a count signal output from thecounter 6 to the memory unit group 4.

Prior to the time t1, the read unit group 2 provides an analog signal tobe converted into a digital signal to the comparison unit group 3. Atthe time t1, a ramp enable signal RAMP_EN and a count enable signalCNT_EN each change to an H level. Thus, an output of the referencesignal generation unit 5 starts changing with time, and the counter 6starts a count operation of the first clock signal CLK1. According tothe present embodiment, the count value is incremented at each rise ofthe first clock signal CLK1. The reference signal may change linearlywith time or may change stepwise.

As a level relationship between the output of the read unit 22 and thereference signal is reversed at the time t2, the output of thecomparator 25 changes to an L level from the H level, and the memoryunit stores the count signal at this time. The count signal stored atthis time is a digital signal that corresponds to an analog signaloutput from the read unit 22.

Thereafter, the level of the reference signal continues to change untilthe time t3, and then the output of the reference signal is reset.

If an analog signal to be converted does not fall within a dynamic rangethat allows AD conversion, the output of the comparator 25 does notchange until the time t3. In this case, data at a point prior to thetime t1 is stored in the memory unit of this column, which results in anabnormal value. Thus, after the time t3, the selection unit 7 iscontrolled to supply the digital data 9, instead of the count signal, tothe memory unit, and thus the digital data 9 is stored in the memoryunit. The digital data 9 holds a predetermined value and, for example,is a digital signal that corresponds to a maximum value that allows ADconversion.

Thereafter, the digital signal stored in the memory unit group 4 isoutput to a later-stage circuit via a column selection unit (notillustrated).

A configuration of a gray code counter circuit that carries out an M bitoutput ranging from Gr[0] to Gr[M−1] is illustrated in FIG. 4 as aconfiguration example of the counter 6. The gray code counter circuitincludes an M bit binary counter circuit 41 and M pieces of exclusive OR(EXOR) circuits 42. The binary counter circuit 41 carries out a countoperation in response to an input of the first clock signal CLK1. Eachof the EXOR circuits 42 in the gray code counter circuit, except for theone that outputs the most significant bit Gr[M−1], takes, from among theoutputs of the binary counter circuit 41, outputs of two adjacent bitsas an input and outputs one bit. More specifically, an EXOR circuit 42takes outputs B[n] and B[n+1] of the binary counter circuit 41 as aninput and generates an output Gr[n] of the gray code counter circuit(here, n is a natural number). The EXOR circuit 42 that outputs the mostsignificant bit Gr[M−1] is connected to an output B[M−1] and the ground(GND).

The configuration of the EXOR circuit 42 is illustrated in FIG. 5 withthe least significant bit Gr[0] serving as an example. The EXOR circuit42 includes an inverter circuit unit 51 and a switch circuit unit 52.The inverter circuit unit 51 includes two inverter circuits, and uponreceiving signals B[0] and B[1], the two inverter circuits outputinverted signals Bb[0] and Bb[1], respectively.

The switch circuit unit 52 includes four switch units SW(T1) to SW(T4).In the switch unit SW(T1), a negative-channel metal oxide semiconductor(NMOS) transistor that is controlled through the inverted signal Bb[0]and another NMOS transistor that is controlled through the invertedsignal Bb[1] are connected in series. In the switch unit SW(T2), apositive-channel metal oxide semiconductor (PMOS) transistor that iscontrolled through the inverted signal Bb[0] and another PMOS transistorthat is controlled through the signal B[1] are connected in series. Inthe switch unit SW(T3), a PMOS transistor that is controlled through thesignal B[0] and another PMOS transistor that is controlled through theinverted signal Bb[1] are connected in series. In the switch unitSW(T4), an NMOS transistor that is controlled through the signal B[0]and another NMOS transistor that is controlled through the signal B[1]are connected in series.

Among the switch units SW(T1) to SW(T4), the switch unit SW(T3) and theswitch unit SW(T1) are connected in series, and a common node thereof isconnected to an output node Gr[0] of the EXOR circuit 42. Similarly, theswitch unit SW(T2) and the switch unit SW(T4) are connected in series,and a common node thereof is connected to the output node Gr[0] of theEXOR circuit 42.

Subsequently, the operation of the EXOR circuit 42 will be describedwith reference to FIG. 6. A delay generated in each inverter circuit inthe inverter circuit unit 51 is designated by Δt.

The outputs B[0] and B[1] of the binary counter circuit 41 change at afrequency that is half the frequency of the output B[0]. States of theoutputs B[0] and B[1] in each of periods T1 to T4 will now be described.

In the period T1, the outputs B[0] and B[1] are both at the L level. Atthis point, the inverted signals Bb[0] and Bb[1] are both at the Hlevel, and the switch unit SW(T1) is turned on. Thus, the output Gr[0]of the EXOR circuit 42 is at the L level.

In the period T2, the output B[0] changes to the H level, and the outputB[1] remains at the L level. The inverted signal Bb[0] changes to the Llevel along with the transition of the output B[0], but this transitionof the inverted signal Bb[0] is delayed by a delay time Δt which iscaused by an inverter circuit. Since the switch unit SW(T2) is turned onin the period T2, the output Gr[0] of the EXOR circuit 42 changes to theH level with the delay time Δt relative to the transition of the signalB[0].

In the period T3, the output B[0] changes back to the L level, and theoutput B[1] changes to the H level. The inverted signals Bb[0] and Bb[1]each make a transition with a delay time Δt relative to the transitionof the outputs B[0] and B[1]. Since the switch unit SW(T3) is turned onin the period T3, the output Gr[0] of the EXOR circuit 42 remains at theH level.

In the period T4, the output B[0] changes to the H level, and the outputB[1] remains at the H level. The inverted signal Bb[0] makes atransition with a delay time Δt relative to the transition of the signalB[0]. Since the switch unit SW(T4) is turned on in the period T4, theoutput Gr[0] of the EXOR circuit 42 changes to the L level.

As can be appreciated from the preceding description, the output Gr[0]of the EXOR circuit 42 is delayed by Δt when making a transition fromthe L level into the H level, but a delay does not occur when the outputGr[0] makes a transition from the H level into the L level. As a result,duration in which the output Gr[0] is at the H level is shorter thanduration in which the output Gr[0] is at the L level, and thus the dutyratio is not 50%. In other words, a duty deviation occurs.

FIG. 7 illustrates a timing chart in a case where such a duty deviationoccurs in each bit in a four bit gray code counter circuit.

When a gray code is defined by a rising edge of one bit and a risingedge of another bit, the code is retained for a normal duration. In FIG.7, gray codes 1 and 4 correspond to such a case. Similarly, when a graycode is defined by a falling edge of one bit and a falling edge ofanother bit, the code is retained for a normal duration. In FIG. 7, agray code 6 corresponds to such a case.

However, when a gray code is defined by a falling edge of one bit and arising edge of another bit, the code is retained for a duration longerthan the normal duration. In FIG. 7, gray codes 0, 3, and 7 correspondto such a case.

Meanwhile, when a gray code is defined by a rising edge of one bit and afalling edge of another bit, the code is retained for a duration shorterthan the normal duration. In FIG. 7, gray codes 2 and 5 correspond tosuch a case.

In a case where the gray code counter circuit outputs gray codes eachhaving a distinct duration, if AD conversion is carried out using thesegray codes as count signals, the relationship between the analog signalsto be converted and the obtained digital data becomes non-linear. Inother words, linearity of the AD conversion unit is degraded, and inturn the quality of an obtained image deteriorates.

Therefore, according to the present embodiment, the output of thecounter 6 is synchronized with the second clock signal CLK2, and thesynchronized count signal is supplied to the memory unit group 4.

FIG. 8 illustrates the configuration of the synchronization unit 8. Thesynchronization unit 8 includes M pieces of flip-flops 101. The commonsecond clock signal CLK2 and a common reset signal RB are supplied toeach of the flip-flops 101. When the reset signal RB is at the L level,outputs of the flip-flops 101 are reset. The bits of gray codesGi[0:M−1] are given, respectively, to D terminals of the flip-flops 101.Then, Q terminals of the flip-flops 101 output, respectively, Go[0:M−1]as the synchronized count signals obtained by synchronizing thecorresponding gray codes with the second clock signal CLK2.

With reference to FIG. 9 and with continued reference to FIG. 8, arelationship between the outputs Gi[0:M−1] of the counter 6 and thesynchronized count signals Go[0:M−1] will be described. To simplify thedescription, the first and second clock signals CLK1 and CLK2 areassumed to be in phase and have the same frequency.

The outputs Gi[0:M−1] of the counter 6 include a gray code that isoutput for a duration that is longer than the normal duration or for aduration that is shorter than the normal duration, as described above.However, if the outputs Gi[0:M−1] of the counter 6 are synchronized withthe rises of the clock signals CLK1 and CLK2, synchronized count signalsin which each code has an equal duration can be obtained. Providing suchsynchronized count signals to the memory unit group 4 makes it possibleto suppress degradation of the linearity of the AD conversion unit.

The synchronization unit 8 can not only reduce a duty deviation of thecount signal but also reduce a phase deviation thereof. FIG. 10 is acircuit diagram illustrating a configuration example of one of the bitsin the selection unit 7.

The selection unit 7 illustrated in FIG. 10 includes a system to which acount signal is input and a system to which digital data is input. Acomplementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) switch that includes anNMOS transistor 91 and a PMOS transistor 92 is provided in each of thesystems, and the two CMOS switches are configured such that either oneis turned on exclusively through a signal SEL and an inverted signalSELB thereof. The signal SEL and the inverted signal SELB are omitted inFIG. 1. If the NMOS transistor 91 and the PMOS transistor 92 each havedistinct drive force due to, for example, a process variation at thetime of manufacture, a duty deviation may occur in a signal output fromthe selection unit 7. In addition, if the amount of a duty deviationdiffers among the bits, a phase deviation may occur among the bits in acount signal output via the selection unit 7. Accordingly, in theconfiguration that includes the selection unit 7 as illustrated in FIG.1, providing the synchronization unit 8 at a stage later than theselection unit 7 makes it possible to reduce a duty deviation or a phasedeviation that may be caused by the selection unit 7.

According to the present embodiment, a case where the counter 6 is agray code counter is described in detail. Alternatively, the counter 6may, for example, be a binary code counter.

An influence of a duty deviation that occurs in a binary code counterwill now be described. FIG. 11A is a timing chart illustrating countvalues in a case where a duty deviation has occurred in the leastsignificant bit (first bit) and the duration of the H level is long in athree bit counter. A duty deviation has not occurred in a second bit anda third bit, and the second bit and the third bit make transitions atfrequencies that are, respectively, half and quarter the frequency ofthe signal of the least significant bit in which a duty deviation hasnot occurred.

In this case, each of the durations in which count values 2, 4, and 6are output is shorter than each of the durations in which the othercount values are output. Input/output characteristics, under theabove-described condition, of the AD conversion unit included in thephotoelectric conversion device illustrated in FIG. 1 are illustrated inFIG. 11B. The horizontal axis corresponds to an analog signal to beconverted, and the vertical axis corresponds to a digital signal thathas undergone the AD conversion. Ideal input/output characteristics areindicated by a solid line, and input/output characteristics in a casewhere a duty deviation illustrated in FIG. 11A has occurred areindicated by a broken line. The input/output characteristics indicatedby the broken like are deviated from the ideal input/outputcharacteristics, which indicates that the linearity of the AD conversionunit is degraded.

As described above, even when the binary code counter is used as thecounter 6, by providing the synchronization unit 8, a duty deviation canbe reduced, and degradation of linearity of the AD conversion unit canbe suppressed.

According to the present embodiment, the configuration is described inwhich the selection unit 7 selectively outputs, to the synchronizationunit 8, the digital data 9 or the count signal output from the counter6. Alternatively, even if the selection unit 7 and the digital data 9are omitted from the configuration, a duty deviation among the bits ofthe count signal can be reduced.

According to the present embodiment, the example is described in whichthe synchronized count signal is generated in synchronization with arising edge of the second clock signal CLK2. Alternatively, a fallingedge of the second clock signal CLK2 may be used, or which edge of thesecond clock signal CLK2 to synchronize with may differ depending on abit.

Further, although the first clock signal CLK1 and the second clocksignal CLK2 differ from each other in the above description, the twoclock signals may be identical. The first clock signal CLK1 is used tooperate the counter 6, and thus if the frequency thereof is increasedexcessively, the counter 6 may not operate properly. Meanwhile, thesecond clock signal CLK2 is used to synchronize the count signal and canthus be set easily to a frequency that is higher than that of the firstclock signal CLK1. For example, the second clock signal CLK2 may have afrequency that is 2n (n is a natural number) times the frequency of thefirst clock signal CLK1. As for the specific configuration, a frequencydivider may be provided, and a clock signal obtained by dividing thesecond clock signal CLK2 in 1/(2n) may be used as the first clock signalCLK1.

As described above, according to the present embodiment, a dutydeviation can be reduced.

A second embodiment will be described with a focus on points that differfrom those of the first embodiment.

FIG. 12 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of aphotoelectric conversion device according to the second embodiment. Theconfiguration differs from the configuration illustrated in FIG. 1 inthat a second synchronization unit 124 is further provided. According tothe present embodiment, the second synchronization unit 124 furthersynchronizes a synchronized count signal output from the synchronizationunit 8 serving as a first synchronization unit with the second clocksignal CLK2 and outputs the resulting signal.

As the number of columns in the pixel array 1 increases, wires fortransmitting the synchronized count signal output from thesynchronization unit 8 are extended accordingly. Then, the parasiticresistance and the parasitic capacitance of these wires also increase,which causes a duty deviation in a synchronized count signal or a phasedeviation among bits to occur more easily. Accordingly, with theconfiguration as in the present embodiment, even if the number ofcolumns in the pixel array 1 increases, a duty deviation in asynchronized count signal can be reduced.

Providing a repeat buffer for transmitting a synchronized count signalcan be considered as well. FIG. 13 illustrates an exemplaryconfiguration of a path for transmitting one bit's worth of asynchronized count signal output from the synchronization unit 8. Asillustrated in FIG. 13, a repeater RPT serving as a repeat buffer isprovided in a transmission path, and an output of the repeater RPT issupplied to the memory unit group 4 as the synchronized count signal.The repeater RPT may, for example, be formed by a two-stage inverter,and a variation in drive force between an NMOS transistor and a PMOStransistor forming the inverter may cause a duty deviation among thebits or a phase deviation among the bits to occur. Providing the secondsynchronization unit 124 makes it possible to reduce a duty deviation ora phase deviation that is caused by the repeater RPT.

According to the present embodiment, the single second synchronizationunit 124 is provided. Alternatively, the second synchronization unit 124may be provided in a plurality.

With reference to FIG. 14, a photoelectric conversion device accordingto a third embodiment will be described with a focus on points thatdiffer from those of the first embodiment.

The photoelectric conversion device according to the present embodimentincludes a digital signal generation unit group 130 in place of thememory unit group 4 and a clock signal generation unit 131 in place ofthe counter 6. In addition, in the photoelectric conversion deviceaccording to the present embodiment, a first synchronization unit 132and a second synchronization unit 133 synchronize a clock signal outputfrom the clock signal generation unit 131 with a second clock signalCLK2 and output a synchronized clock signal. According to the presentembodiment, the clock signal generation unit 131 receives a first clocksignal CLK1 and generates four clock signals that are out of phase withone another. Each of the first and second synchronization units 132 and133 may have a configuration similar to that illustrated in FIG. 8.However, a difference lies in that the signal provided to each flip-flop101 as the output of the counter 6 corresponds to a clock signalprovided from the clock signal generation unit 131.

FIG. 15 illustrates a portion of the comparison unit group 3 and aportion of the digital signal generation unit group 130 corresponding toone of the columns in the pixel array 1.

A digital signal generation unit 134 includes a latch and decode unit135 that includes a latch circuit and a decode circuit and a counter136. The latch and decode unit 135 receives four synchronized clocksignals CLKA to CLKD and an output of the comparison unit as inputsignals, and the latch circuit latches the synchronized clock signalsCLKA to CLKD in response to a change in the output of the comparisonunit. The latched synchronized clock signals CLKA to CLKD are decoded bythe decode circuit and are output as decode values. The counter 136receives the synchronized clock signal CLKD and the output of thecomparison unit as input signals and carries out a count operation inaccordance with the synchronized clock signal CLKD. As the output of thecomparison unit changes, the counter 136 stops the count operation andstores a count value at that point.

FIG. 16 is a timing chart illustrating exemplary operations of the latchand decode unit 135 and the counter 136. The synchronized clock signalsCLKA to CLKD are out of phase with one another by 45 degrees and eachhas a cycle that is equivalent to eight cycles in the first clock signalCLK1.

The counter 136 carries out the count operation in accordance with thesynchronized clock signal CLKD, whereas the latch and decode unit 135receives the synchronized clock signals CLKA to CLKD. Thus, while thecounter 136 has a single count, the latch and decode unit 135 may haveeight outputs. If the digital signal generation unit 134 includes onlythe counter 136, only a count value of “0” can be obtained even if theoutput of the comparator changes at a time tA or at a time tB. However,with the configuration as in the present embodiment, since the outputsof the latch and decode unit 135 differ between the time tA and the timetB, the count value “0” can be expressed at higher resolution.

According to the present embodiment described thus far, as the countsignal generated by the clock signal generation unit 131 is synchronizedwith the second clock signal CLK2 by the first synchronization unit 132,a duty deviation or a phase deviation in the clock signal can bereduced. Accordingly, degradation of linearity of the outputcharacteristics relative to an amount of light incident on thephotoelectric conversion device can be suppressed.

According to the present embodiment, the configuration as follows isdescribed. That is, the second synchronization unit 133 is provided.Then, the first synchronization unit 132 provides the synchronized clocksignals to a part of the digital signal generation units 134, and thesecond synchronization unit 133 provides the synchronized clock signalsto another part of the digital signal generation units 134.Alternatively, the clock signals output from the first synchronizationunit 132 may be provided to the entire digital signal generation units134, or the outputs of the first synchronization unit 132 may beprovided to the digital signal generation unit group 130 via a repeater.

According to the present embodiment as well, similarly to theembodiments described above, the frequency of the second clock signalCLK2 can be set to a frequency that is higher than the frequency of thefirst clock signal CLK1. The second clock signal CLK2 may have afrequency that is 2n times the frequency of the first clock signal CLK1,and such a relationship may be realized using a frequency divider as inthe embodiments described above.

Further, the counter 136 included in each digital signal generation unit134 may be either a binary code counter or a gray code counter.

A fourth embodiment of the present invention will now be described. FIG.17 schematically illustrates a configuration of an imaging system.

An imaging system 1100 includes, for example, an optical unit 1110, animaging apparatus 1101, a signal processing unit 1130, arecord/communication unit 1140, a timing control circuit unit 1150, asystem control circuit unit 1160, and a reproduction/display unit 1170.The photoelectric conversion device 100 described in the precedingembodiments is used as the imaging apparatus 1101. The signal processingunit 1130 may, for example, be provided with functions of the circuitsthat are provided in later stages in the photoelectric conversion device100 described in the second embodiment.

The optical unit 1110 that includes an optical system such as a lens isarranged to form an image of light from an object onto a pixel array ofthe imaging apparatus 1101 in which a plurality of pixels is arrangedtwo-dimensionally, to thereby form an image of the object. The imagingapparatus 1101 outputs a signal that corresponds to the light that hasbeen imaged on the pixel array in accordance with a timing of a signalfrom the timing control circuit unit 1150.

The signal output from the imaging apparatus 1101 is input to the signalprocessing unit 1130 serving as a video signal processing unit, and thesignal processing unit 1130 carries out processing such as correction onthe input electrical signal in accordance with a method defined by aprogram or the like. A signal obtained through the processing by thesignal processing unit 1130 is transmitted to the record/communicationunit 1140 in the form of image data. The record/communication unit 1140transmits a signal for forming an image to the reproduction/display unit1170 and causes the reproduction/display unit 1170 to reproduce anddisplay a moving image or a still image. The record/communication unit1140 communicates with the system control circuit unit 1160 in responseto a signal from the signal processing unit 1130 and also records asignal for forming an image into a recording medium (not illustrated).

The system control circuit unit 1160 controls the overall operations ofthe imaging system 1100 and controls driving of the optical unit 1110,the timing control circuit unit 1150, the record/communication unit1140, and the reproduction/display unit 1170. Further, the systemcontrol circuit unit 1160 includes a storage device (not illustrated)such as a recording medium, and programs that are necessary forcontrolling the operations of the imaging system 1100 are recorded onthe storage device. The system control circuit unit 1160 also supplies,within the imaging system 1100, a signal for switching a drive mode inresponse to, for example, a user operation. Specific examples includechanging which row to read from or to reset, changing an angle of viewin association with an electronic zoom, and shifting an angle of view inassociation with electronic image stabilization.

The timing control circuit unit 1150 controls drive timings of theimaging apparatus 1101 and the signal processing unit 1130 based on thecontrol of the system control circuit unit 1160 serving as a controlunit.

The embodiments described above are merely examples, and modificationscan be made as appropriate within the scope and the spirit of thepresent invention.

Embodiments of the present invention can also be realized by a computerof a system or apparatus that reads out and executes computer executableinstructions recorded on a storage medium (e.g., non-transitorycomputer-readable storage medium) to perform the functions of one ormore of the above-described embodiments of the present invention, and bya method performed by the computer of the system or apparatus by, forexample, reading out and executing the computer executable instructionsfrom the storage medium to perform the functions of one or more of theabove-described embodiments. The computer may comprise one or more of acentral processing unit (CPU), micro processing unit (MPU), or othercircuitry, and may include a network of separate computers or separatecomputer processors. The computer executable instructions may beprovided to the computer, for example, from a network or the storagemedium. The storage medium may include, for example, one or more of ahard disk, a random-access memory (RAM), a read only memory (ROM), astorage of distributed computing systems, an optical disk (such as acompact disc (CD), digital versatile disc (DVD), or Blu-ray Disc (BD)™,a flash memory device, a memory card, and the like.

While the present invention has been described with reference toembodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited tothe disclosed embodiments. The scope of the following claims is to beaccorded the broadest interpretation so as to encompass all suchmodifications and equivalent structures and functions.

This application claims the benefit of Japanese Patent Application No.2012-223307 filed Oct. 5, 2012, which is hereby incorporated byreference herein in its entirety.

What is claimed is:
 1. A photoelectric conversion device, comprising: aplurality of pixels arranged in a plurality of columns; a plurality ofcomparators provided correspondingly to the respective columns, eachreceiving a reference signal; a counter configured to generate a countsignal that includes a plurality of bits, in synchronization with afirst clock signal; a synchronizer connected to a plurality of bit linescarrying the plurality of bits of the count signal, and configured tosynchronize the plurality of bits with a second clock signal to generatea synchronized count signal and to output the generated synchronizedcount signal; and a plurality of memories provided correspondingly tothe respective comparators, the memories each being configured to storethe synchronized count signal from the synchronizer in response to achange in an output of the corresponding one of the comparators.
 2. Thephotoelectric conversion device according to claim 1, furthercomprising: a second synchronizer configured to synchronize thesynchronized count signal output from the synchronizer with the secondclock signal and to output a resulting signal, wherein the synchronizedcount signal output from the synchronizer is supplied to a part of theplurality of memories and the output of the second synchronizer issupplied to another part of the plurality of memories.
 3. Thephotoelectric conversion device according to claim 1, wherein thecounter is a gray code counter that outputs a gray code as the countsignal.
 4. The photoelectric conversion device according to claim 1,wherein the counter is a binary code counter that outputs a binary codeas the count signal.
 5. The photoelectric conversion device according toclaim 1, wherein the synchronizer includes a flip-flop.
 6. An imagingsystem, comprising: a photoelectric conversion device according to claim1; an optical system configured to form an image on a pixel array thatincludes the plurality of pixels; and a signal processing unitconfigured to process a signal output from the photoelectric conversiondevice to generate image data.
 7. The photoelectric conversion deviceaccording to claim 1, further comprising: a clock signal line configuredto supply the second clock signal, wherein the synchronizer includes aplurality of flip-flops, and the clock signal line is connected to theplurality of flip-flops.
 8. The photoelectric conversion deviceaccording to claim 1, wherein the count signal includes a plurality ofsignals respectively representing the plurality of bits and havingdifferent phases and/or different periods from each other.
 9. Thephotoelectric conversion device according to claim 1, furthercomprising: a data supplier configured to supply digital data; and aselector, wherein the selector selectively outputs the digital data orthe count signal to the synchronizer.
 10. The photoelectric conversiondevice according to claim 9, wherein the digital data is data thatcorresponds to the maximum value to be output from the counter.
 11. Thephotoelectric conversion device according to claim 1, wherein the secondclock signal has a frequency that is higher than a frequency of thefirst clock signal.
 12. The photoelectric conversion device according toclaim 11, wherein the frequency of the second clock signal is 2n timesthe frequency of the first clock signal, n being a natural number. 13.The photoelectric conversion device according to claim 1, wherein thecounter includes a binary counter circuit having a plurality of outputs,and a plurality of exclusive OR circuits, at least one of the pluralityof exclusive OR circuits is connected to two of the plurality of outputscorresponding to adjacent bits.
 14. The photoelectric conversion deviceaccording to claim 13, wherein the binary counter circuit carries out acount operation in response to the first clock signal.
 15. Thephotoelectric conversion device according to claim 14, wherein one ofthe plurality of exclusive OR circuits is connected to one of theplurality of outputs and a ground node.
 16. The photoelectric conversiondevice according to claim 15, wherein each of the plurality of exclusiveOR circuits includes a plurality of invertors and a plurality ofswitches.
 17. A photoelectric conversion device, comprising: a pluralityof pixels arranged in a plurality of columns; a plurality of comparatorsprovided correspondingly to the respective columns, each receiving areference signal; a plurality of digital signal generator providedcorrespondingly to the respective comparators; a clock signal generatorconfigured to generate a plurality of clock signals that are out ofphase with one another; and a synchronizer configured to synchronize theplurality of clock signals with a second clock signal to generate aplurality of synchronized clock signals and to output the generatedsynchronized clock signals, wherein each of the plurality of digitalsignal generation units includes a counter configured to receive theplurality of synchronized clock signals from the synchronizer and tocarry out a count operation in response to the plurality of synchronizedclock signals.
 18. An imaging system, comprising: a photoelectricconversion device according to claim 17; an optical system configured toform an image on a pixel array that includes the plurality of pixels;and a signal processing unit configured to process a signal output fromthe photoelectric conversion device to generate image data.
 19. Thephotoelectric conversion device according to claim 17, furthercomprising: a clock signal line configured to supply the second clocksignal, wherein the synchronizer includes a plurality of flip-flops, andthe clock signal line is connected to the plurality of flip-flops.